实操指南：实现多语言店铺切换的6个可靠方案

引言：为什么多语言店铺至关重要

在全球化的电商环境中，多语言店铺已成为拓展国际市场的关键策略。对于使用WordPress搭建的在线商店而言，实现多语言功能不仅能提升用户体验，还能显著增加转化率和客户忠诚度。根据Common Sense Advisory的研究，超过75%的消费者更倾向于使用母语购买产品，而60%的消费者很少或从不从纯英文网站购物。

本文将深入探讨六种在WordPress中实现多语言店铺切换的可靠方案，从简单的插件解决方案到高级的自定义开发方法。无论您是刚入行的开发者还是经验丰富的程序员，都能找到适合您项目需求的解决方案。

方案一：使用WPML插件实现完整多语言解决方案

WPML（WordPress Multilingual Plugin）是市场上最成熟、功能最全面的WordPress多语言插件之一，特别适合电子商务网站。

安装与基础配置

/**
 * WPML基础配置代码示例
 * 这段代码展示如何通过函数钩子自定义WPML行为
 */

// 在主题的functions.php文件中添加以下代码

// 1. 设置默认语言
add_action('init', 'setup_custom_wpml_settings');
function setup_custom_wpml_settings() {
    // 检查WPML是否激活
    if (!function_exists('icl_object_id')) {
        return;
    }
    
    // 设置语言切换器显示方式
    add_filter('wpml_ls_language_url', 'custom_language_url', 10, 2);
    
    // 自定义语言切换器HTML结构
    add_filter('wpml_ls_model', 'custom_ls_model', 10, 1);
}

// 2. 自定义语言URL生成规则
function custom_language_url($url, $data) {
    // 如果是中文版本，添加特定参数
    if ($data['code'] === 'zh-hans') {
        $url = add_query_arg('lang', 'cn', $url);
    }
    return $url;
}

// 3. 自定义语言切换器模型
function custom_ls_model($model) {
    // 为每个语言项添加自定义CSS类
    foreach ($model['languages'] as &$language) {
        $language['css_classes'] .= ' custom-language-item';
    }
    return $model;
}

// 4. 获取当前语言的产品ID
function get_translated_product_id($product_id) {
    if (function_exists('icl_object_id')) {
        $current_language = apply_filters('wpml_current_language', NULL);
        $translated_id = icl_object_id($product_id, 'product', false, $current_language);
        return $translated_id ?: $product_id;
    }
    return $product_id;
}

WooCommerce与WPML集成

/**
 * WPML与WooCommerce集成代码
 * 处理多语言环境下的产品价格、属性和购物车
 */

// 1. 多语言价格处理
add_filter('woocommerce_product_get_price', 'multilingual_product_price', 10, 2);
function multilingual_product_price($price, $product) {
    $current_lang = apply_filters('wpml_current_language', NULL);
    
    // 根据语言调整价格（示例：欧元区价格转换）
    if ($current_lang === 'de') {
        // 假设欧元转换率为1.1
        $price = $price * 1.1;
    }
    
    return $price;
}

// 2. 多语言购物车项处理
add_filter('woocommerce_cart_item_name', 'multilingual_cart_item_name', 10, 3);
function multilingual_cart_item_name($item_name, $cart_item, $cart_item_key) {
    $product_id = $cart_item['product_id'];
    
    if (function_exists('icl_object_id')) {
        $current_language = apply_filters('wpml_current_language', NULL);
        $original_id = icl_object_id($product_id, 'product', true, 'en');
        
        // 获取翻译后的产品标题
        $translated_id = icl_object_id($original_id, 'product', false, $current_language);
        if ($translated_id) {
            $translated_product = wc_get_product($translated_id);
            $item_name = $translated_product->get_name();
        }
    }
    
    return $item_name;
}

方案二：Polylang插件与自定义开发结合

Polylang是一个轻量级且免费的多语言插件，适合需要高度自定义的开发者。

基础设置与语言切换器

/**
 * Polylang多语言配置
 * 创建自定义语言切换器和翻译管理
 */

// 1. 注册自定义语言切换器
add_action('init', 'register_custom_language_switcher');
function register_custom_language_switcher() {
    // 检查Polylang是否存在
    if (!function_exists('pll_the_languages')) {
        return;
    }
    
    // 创建短代码显示语言切换器
    add_shortcode('custom_lang_switcher', 'custom_lang_switcher_shortcode');
}

// 2. 自定义语言切换器短代码
function custom_lang_switcher_shortcode($atts) {
    $atts = shortcode_atts(array(
        'dropdown' => 0,
        'show_names' => 1,
        'show_flags' => 1,
        'hide_if_no_translation' => 0,
    ), $atts);
    
    // 获取可用语言列表
    $languages = pll_the_languages(array('raw' => 1));
    
    if (empty($languages)) {
        return '';
    }
    
    $current_language = pll_current_language();
    $output = '<div class="custom-language-switcher">';
    
    if ($atts['dropdown']) {
        // 下拉菜单形式
        $output .= '<select class="lang-selector" onchange="window.location.href=this.value">';
        foreach ($languages as $language) {
            $selected = $language['slug'] === $current_language ? 'selected' : '';
            $output .= sprintf(
                '<option value="%s" %s>%s%s</option>',
                esc_url($language['url']),
                $selected,
                $atts['show_flags'] ? '<span class="flag">' . $language['flag'] . '</span> ' : '',
                $atts['show_names'] ? esc_html($language['name']) : ''
            );
        }
        $output .= '</select>';
    } else {
        // 链接列表形式
        $output .= '<ul class="lang-list">';
        foreach ($languages as $language) {
            $active_class = $language['slug'] === $current_language ? 'active' : '';
            $output .= sprintf(
                '<li class="%s"><a href="%s">%s%s</a></li>',
                $active_class,
                esc_url($language['url']),
                $atts['show_flags'] ? '<span class="flag">' . $language['flag'] . '</span> ' : '',
                $atts['show_names'] ? esc_html($language['name']) : ''
            );
        }
        $output .= '</ul>';
    }
    
    $output .= '</div>';
    
    return $output;
}

// 3. 自动检测用户语言偏好
add_action('template_redirect', 'auto_detect_user_language');
function auto_detect_user_language() {
    // 仅当用户首次访问且没有语言cookie时执行
    if (!isset($_COOKIE['pll_language']) && function_exists('pll_default_language')) {
        $browser_lang = substr($_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'], 0, 2);
        $available_langs = pll_languages_list();
        
        if (in_array($browser_lang, $available_langs)) {
            // 重定向到浏览器偏好的语言版本
            $redirect_url = pll_home_url($browser_lang);
            wp_redirect($redirect_url);
            exit;
        }
    }
}

方案三：自定义多语言数据库架构

对于需要完全控制的大型电商项目，自定义数据库架构可能是最佳选择。

创建多语言数据表

/**
 * 自定义多语言数据库表结构
 * 创建独立的产品翻译表
 */

// 1. 创建翻译表
function create_multilingual_tables() {
    global $wpdb;
    
    $charset_collate = $wpdb->get_charset_collate();
    $table_name = $wpdb->prefix . 'product_translations';
    
    // 检查表是否存在
    if ($wpdb->get_var("SHOW TABLES LIKE '$table_name'") != $table_name) {
        $sql = "CREATE TABLE $table_name (
            id bigint(20) UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
            original_product_id bigint(20) UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
            language_code varchar(10) NOT NULL,
            product_title text NOT NULL,
            product_description longtext,
            product_short_description text,
            price decimal(10,2),
            currency varchar(3) DEFAULT 'USD',
            meta_title varchar(255),
            meta_description text,
            meta_keywords text,
            created_at datetime DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
            updated_at datetime DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
            PRIMARY KEY (id),
            UNIQUE KEY product_language (original_product_id, language_code),
            KEY language_idx (language_code),
            KEY product_idx (original_product_id)
        ) $charset_collate;";
        
        require_once(ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/includes/upgrade.php');
        dbDelta($sql);
    }
    
    // 创建翻译选项表
    $options_table = $wpdb->prefix . 'translation_options';
    if ($wpdb->get_var("SHOW TABLES LIKE '$options_table'") != $options_table) {
        $sql = "CREATE TABLE $options_table (
            option_id bigint(20) UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
            option_name varchar(100) NOT NULL,
            option_value longtext,
            language_code varchar(10) NOT NULL,
            autoload varchar(20) DEFAULT 'yes',
            PRIMARY KEY (option_id),
            UNIQUE KEY option_language (option_name, language_code)
        ) $charset_collate;";
        
        dbDelta($sql);
    }
}
register_activation_hook(__FILE__, 'create_multilingual_tables');

// 2. 多语言产品数据获取函数
function get_translated_product_data($product_id, $language = null) {
    global $wpdb;
    
    // 如果未指定语言，使用当前语言
    if (is_null($language)) {
        $language = get_current_language();
    }
    
    $table_name = $wpdb->prefix . 'product_translations';
    
    $translation = $wpdb->get_row($wpdb->prepare(
        "SELECT * FROM $table_name 
         WHERE original_product_id = %d AND language_code = %s",
        $product_id,
        $language
    ));
    
    // 如果找不到翻译，返回原始产品数据
    if (!$translation) {
        $product = wc_get_product($product_id);
        return array(
            'title' => $product->get_name(),
            'description' => $product->get_description(),
            'short_description' => $product->get_short_description(),
            'price' => $product->get_price(),
            'is_translated' => false
        );
    }
    
    return array(
        'title' => $translation->product_title,
        'description' => $translation->product_description,
        'short_description' => $translation->product_short_description,
        'price' => $translation->price,
        'currency' => $translation->currency,
        'meta_title' => $translation->meta_title,
        'meta_description' => $translation->meta_description,
        'is_translated' => true
    );
}

// 3. 保存产品翻译
function save_product_translation($product_id, $language, $translation_data) {
    global $wpdb;
    
    $table_name = $wpdb->prefix . 'product_translations';
    
    $data = array(
        'original_product_id' => $product_id,
        'language_code' => $language,
        'product_title' => sanitize_text_field($translation_data['title']),
        'product_description' => wp_kses_post($translation_data['description']),
        'product_short_description' => wp_kses_post($translation_data['short_description']),
        'price' => floatval($translation_data['price']),
        'currency' => sanitize_text_field($translation_data['currency']),
        'meta_title' => sanitize_text_field($translation_data['meta_title']),
        'meta_description' => sanitize_textarea_field($translation_data['meta_description']),
        'updated_at' => current_time('mysql')
    );
    
    $format = array('%d', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%f', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s');
    
    // 检查是否已存在翻译
    $existing = $wpdb->get_var($wpdb->prepare(
        "SELECT id FROM $table_name 
         WHERE original_product_id = %d AND language_code = %s",
        $product_id,
        $language
    ));
    
    if ($existing) {
        // 更新现有翻译
        $where = array(
            'original_product_id' => $product_id,
            'language_code' => $language
        );
        $where_format = array('%d', '%s');
        
        $wpdb->update($table_name, $data, $where, $format, $where_format);
    } else {
        // 插入新翻译
        $wpdb->insert($table_name, $data, $format);
    }
    
    return $wpdb->insert_id;
}

方案四：使用REST API构建多语言前端

对于Headless WordPress架构，可以通过REST API提供多语言内容。

创建多语言REST API端点

/**
 * 自定义多语言REST API
 * 为前端应用提供多语言产品数据
 */

// 1. 注册多语言REST API路由
add_action('rest_api_init', 'register_multilingual_api_routes');
function register_multilingual_api_routes() {
    // 获取多语言产品列表
    register_rest_route('multilingual/v1', '/products', array(
        'methods' => 'GET',
        'callback' => 'get_multilingual_products',
        'permission_callback' => '__return_true',
        'args' => array(
            'lang' => array(
                'required' => false,
                'default' => 'en',
                'validate_callback' => function($param) {
                    return in_array($param, array('en', 'zh', 'es', 'fr', 'de'));
                }
            ),
            'page' => array(
                'required' => false,
                'default' => 1,
                'validate_callback' => function($param) {
                    return is_numeric($param) && $param > 0;
                }
            ),
            'per_page' => array(
                'required' => false,
                'default' => 10,
                'validate_callback' => function($param) {
                    return is_numeric($param) && $param > 0 && $param <= 100;
                }
            )
        )
    ));
    
    // 获取特定产品的多语言数据
    register_rest_route('multilingual/v1', '/products/(?P<id>d+)', array(
        'methods' => 'GET',
        'callback' => 'get_multilingual_product',
        'permission_callback' => '__return_true',
        'args' => array(
            'lang' => array(
                'required' => false,
                'default' => 'en',
                'validate_callback' => function($param) {
                    return in_array($param, array('en', 'zh', 'es', 'fr', 'de'));
                }
            )
        )
    ));
    
    // 获取可用语言列表
    register_rest_route('multilingual/v1', '/languages', array(
        'methods' => 'GET',
        'callback' => 'get_available_languages',
        'permission_callback' => '__return_true'
    ));
}

// 2. 获取多语言产品列表
function get_multilingual_products($request) {
    $lang = $request->get_param('lang');
    $page = $request->get_param('page');
    $per_page = $request->get_param('per_page');
    
    $args = array(
        'post_type' => 'product',
        'posts_per_page' => $per_page,
        'paged' => $page,
        'post_status' => 'publish'
    );
    
    $query = new WP_Query($args);
    $products = array();
    
    if ($query->have_posts()) {
        while ($query->have_posts()) {
            $query->the_post();
            $product_id = get_the_ID();
            
            // 获取翻译后的产品数据
            $translated_data = get_translated_product_data($product_id, $lang);
            
            // 获取产品图片
            $product_images = array();
            $image_ids = get_post_meta($product_id, '_product_image_gallery', true);
            
            if (!empty($image_ids)) {
                $image_ids = explode(',', $image_ids);
                foreach ($image_ids as $image_id) {
                    $image_url = wp_get_attachment_image_url($image_id, 'full');
                    if ($image_url) {
                        $product_images[] = $image_url;
                    }
                }
            }
            
            // 构建产品响应数据
            $product_data = array(
                'id' => $product_id,
                'title' => $translated_data['title'],
                'description' => $translated_data['description'],
                'short_description' => $translated_data['short_description'],
                'price' => array(
                    'amount' => $translated_data['price'],
                    'currency' => $translated_data['currency']
                ),
                'images' => $product_images,
                'permalink' => get_permalink($product_id),
                'language' => $lang,
                'is_translated' => $translated_data['is_translated']
            );
            

            $products[] = $product_data;
        }
    }
    
    wp_reset_postdata();
    
    // 构建分页响应
    $total_pages = $query->max_num_pages;
    $total_products = $query->found_posts;
    
    $response = new WP_REST_Response(array(
        'products' => $products,
        'pagination' => array(
            'current_page' => (int)$page,
            'per_page' => (int)$per_page,
            'total_pages' => $total_pages,
            'total_products' => $total_products
        ),
        'language' => $lang
    ));
    
    $response->set_status(200);
    return $response;
}

// 3. 获取特定产品的多语言数据
function get_multilingual_product($request) {
    $product_id = $request->get_param('id');
    $lang = $request->get_param('lang');
    
    // 验证产品是否存在
    $product = wc_get_product($product_id);
    if (!$product) {
        return new WP_Error('product_not_found', '产品不存在', array('status' => 404));
    }
    
    // 获取翻译数据
    $translated_data = get_translated_product_data($product_id, $lang);
    
    // 获取产品变体（如果有）
    $variations = array();
    if ($product->is_type('variable')) {
        $available_variations = $product->get_available_variations();
        foreach ($available_variations as $variation) {
            $variation_id = $variation['variation_id'];
            $variation_product = wc_get_product($variation_id);
            
            // 获取变体翻译
            $variation_translation = get_translated_product_data($variation_id, $lang);
            
            $variations[] = array(
                'id' => $variation_id,
                'attributes' => $variation['attributes'],
                'price' => array(
                    'amount' => $variation_translation['price'] ?: $variation['display_price'],
                    'currency' => $variation_translation['currency'] ?: 'USD'
                ),
                'sku' => $variation_product->get_sku(),
                'stock_quantity' => $variation_product->get_stock_quantity(),
                'in_stock' => $variation_product->is_in_stock()
            );
        }
    }
    
    // 获取产品分类
    $categories = array();
    $product_categories = wp_get_post_terms($product_id, 'product_cat');
    foreach ($product_categories as $category) {
        // 获取分类翻译
        $category_translation = get_translated_term($category->term_id, 'product_cat', $lang);
        
        $categories[] = array(
            'id' => $category->term_id,
            'name' => $category_translation['name'] ?: $category->name,
            'slug' => $category->slug
        );
    }
    
    // 构建完整响应
    $response_data = array(
        'id' => $product_id,
        'title' => $translated_data['title'],
        'description' => $translated_data['description'],
        'short_description' => $translated_data['short_description'],
        'price' => array(
            'amount' => $translated_data['price'],
            'currency' => $translated_data['currency'],
            'regular_price' => $product->get_regular_price(),
            'sale_price' => $product->get_sale_price()
        ),
        'sku' => $product->get_sku(),
        'type' => $product->get_type(),
        'stock_status' => $product->get_stock_status(),
        'stock_quantity' => $product->get_stock_quantity(),
        'weight' => $product->get_weight(),
        'dimensions' => array(
            'length' => $product->get_length(),
            'width' => $product->get_width(),
            'height' => $product->get_height()
        ),
        'attributes' => $product->get_attributes(),
        'variations' => $variations,
        'categories' => $categories,
        'images' => get_product_images($product_id),
        'meta' => array(
            'title' => $translated_data['meta_title'],
            'description' => $translated_data['meta_description']
        ),
        'language' => $lang,
        'is_translated' => $translated_data['is_translated'],
        'permalink' => get_permalink($product_id)
    );
    
    return rest_ensure_response($response_data);
}

// 4. 获取可用语言列表
function get_available_languages() {
    $languages = array(
        array(
            'code' => 'en',
            'name' => 'English',
            'native_name' => 'English',
            'direction' => 'ltr',
            'flag' => get_template_directory_uri() . '/flags/us.svg'
        ),
        array(
            'code' => 'zh',
            'name' => 'Chinese',
            'native_name' => '中文',
            'direction' => 'ltr',
            'flag' => get_template_directory_uri() . '/flags/cn.svg'
        ),
        array(
            'code' => 'es',
            'name' => 'Spanish',
            'native_name' => 'Español',
            'direction' => 'ltr',
            'flag' => get_template_directory_uri() . '/flags/es.svg'
        )
    );
    
    return rest_ensure_response($languages);
}

// 辅助函数：获取产品图片
function get_product_images($product_id) {
    $images = array();
    $product = wc_get_product($product_id);
    
    // 主图
    $main_image_id = $product->get_image_id();
    if ($main_image_id) {
        $images[] = array(
            'id' => $main_image_id,
            'src' => wp_get_attachment_image_url($main_image_id, 'full'),
            'thumbnail' => wp_get_attachment_image_url($main_image_id, 'thumbnail'),
            'alt' => get_post_meta($main_image_id, '_wp_attachment_image_alt', true)
        );
    }
    
    // 图库图片
    $gallery_image_ids = $product->get_gallery_image_ids();
    foreach ($gallery_image_ids as $image_id) {
        $images[] = array(
            'id' => $image_id,
            'src' => wp_get_attachment_image_url($image_id, 'full'),
            'thumbnail' => wp_get_attachment_image_url($image_id, 'thumbnail'),
            'alt' => get_post_meta($image_id, '_wp_attachment_image_alt', true)
        );
    }
    
    return $images;
}

// 辅助函数：获取分类翻译
function get_translated_term($term_id, $taxonomy, $language) {
    // 这里可以根据您的翻译存储方式实现
    // 示例：从自定义表中获取翻译
    global $wpdb;
    $table_name = $wpdb->prefix . 'term_translations';
    
    $translation = $wpdb->get_row($wpdb->prepare(
        "SELECT * FROM $table_name 
         WHERE original_term_id = %d AND taxonomy = %s AND language_code = %s",
        $term_id,
        $taxonomy,
        $language
    ));
    
    if ($translation) {
        return array(
            'name' => $translation->term_name,
            'description' => $translation->term_description
        );
    }
    
    // 如果没有翻译，返回原始数据
    $term = get_term($term_id, $taxonomy);
    return array(
        'name' => $term->name,
        'description' => $term->description
    );
}

方案五：基于Cookie和Session的语言检测

对于需要动态语言切换而不改变URL的场景，可以使用Cookie和Session方案。

/**
 * 基于Cookie和Session的语言管理系统
 * 允许用户在不改变URL的情况下切换语言
 */

// 1. 初始化语言系统
add_action('init', 'init_language_system', 1);
function init_language_system() {
    // 启动Session（如果尚未启动）
    if (!session_id()) {
        session_start();
    }
    
    // 设置默认语言
    $default_language = 'en';
    
    // 检查语言切换请求
    if (isset($_GET['switch_lang'])) {
        $new_language = sanitize_text_field($_GET['switch_lang']);
        set_current_language($new_language);
        
        // 重定向到当前页面（去除语言参数）
        $redirect_url = remove_query_arg('switch_lang');
        wp_redirect($redirect_url);
        exit;
    }
    
    // 获取当前语言
    $current_language = get_current_language();
    
    // 如果没有设置语言，尝试检测
    if (!$current_language) {
        $detected_language = detect_user_language();
        set_current_language($detected_language ?: $default_language);
    }
}

// 2. 设置当前语言
function set_current_language($language_code) {
    // 验证语言代码是否有效
    $available_languages = get_available_languages_list();
    
    if (!in_array($language_code, $available_languages)) {
        $language_code = 'en'; // 默认回退到英语
    }
    
    // 设置Session
    $_SESSION['current_language'] = $language_code;
    
    // 设置Cookie（30天有效期）
    setcookie('site_language', $language_code, time() + (30 * DAY_IN_SECONDS), COOKIEPATH, COOKIE_DOMAIN);
    
    // 设置WordPress本地化
    switch_to_locale($language_code);
    
    // 触发语言切换动作钩子
    do_action('language_switched', $language_code);
    
    return true;
}

// 3. 获取当前语言
function get_current_language() {
    // 优先级：Session > Cookie > 浏览器 > 默认
    
    // 检查Session
    if (isset($_SESSION['current_language'])) {
        return $_SESSION['current_language'];
    }
    
    // 检查Cookie
    if (isset($_COOKIE['site_language'])) {
        $cookie_lang = sanitize_text_field($_COOKIE['site_language']);
        $available_languages = get_available_languages_list();
        
        if (in_array($cookie_lang, $available_languages)) {
            $_SESSION['current_language'] = $cookie_lang;
            return $cookie_lang;
        }
    }
    
    return false;
}

// 4. 检测用户语言偏好
function detect_user_language() {
    $available_languages = get_available_languages_list();
    
    // 1. 检查浏览器语言
    if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'])) {
        $browser_languages = explode(',', $_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE']);
        
        foreach ($browser_languages as $lang) {
            // 解析语言代码（如 "en-US;q=0.9" -> "en"）
            $lang_code = substr($lang, 0, 2);
            
            // 检查是否支持该语言
            if (in_array($lang_code, $available_languages)) {
                return $lang_code;
            }
        }
    }
    
    // 2. 检查地理位置（通过IP）
    $geo_language = detect_language_by_ip();
    if ($geo_language && in_array($geo_language, $available_languages)) {
        return $geo_language;
    }
    
    return false;
}

// 5. 通过IP检测语言
function detect_language_by_ip() {
    $ip = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
    
    // 如果是本地IP，返回false
    if ($ip === '127.0.0.1' || strpos($ip, '192.168.') === 0) {
        return false;
    }
    
    // 使用免费IP地理位置API（示例）
    $api_url = "http://ip-api.com/json/{$ip}?fields=countryCode";
    
    $response = wp_remote_get($api_url, array(
        'timeout' => 2,
        'user-agent' => 'WordPress Multilingual Site'
    ));
    
    if (!is_wp_error($response) && $response['response']['code'] === 200) {
        $data = json_decode($response['body'], true);
        
        if (isset($data['countryCode'])) {
            // 将国家代码映射到语言代码
            $country_to_language = array(
                'US' => 'en', 'GB' => 'en', 'CA' => 'en',
                'CN' => 'zh', 'TW' => 'zh', 'HK' => 'zh',
                'ES' => 'es', 'MX' => 'es', 'AR' => 'es',
                'FR' => 'fr', 'DE' => 'de', 'IT' => 'it',
                'JP' => 'ja', 'KR' => 'ko', 'RU' => 'ru'
            );
            
            return isset($country_to_language[$data['countryCode']]) 
                ? $country_to_language[$data['countryCode']] 
                : false;
        }
    }
    
    return false;
}

// 6. 获取可用语言列表
function get_available_languages_list() {
    return array('en', 'zh', 'es', 'fr', 'de', 'it', 'ja', 'ko');
}

// 7. 语言切换器短代码
add_shortcode('language_switcher', 'language_switcher_shortcode');
function language_switcher_shortcode($atts) {
    $atts = shortcode_atts(array(
        'type' => 'dropdown', // dropdown, buttons, flags
        'show_names' => true,
        'show_flags' => true,
        'current_language' => true
    ), $atts);
    
    $current_lang = get_current_language();
    $available_langs = get_available_languages_list();
    $languages_data = get_languages_data();
    
    $output = '<div class="language-switcher" data-current="' . esc_attr($current_lang) . '">';
    
    switch ($atts['type']) {
        case 'dropdown':
            $output .= '<select class="language-selector">';
            foreach ($available_langs as $lang) {
                if (isset($languages_data[$lang])) {
                    $selected = $lang === $current_lang ? 'selected' : '';
                    $output .= sprintf(
                        '<option value="%s" %s data-url="%s">%s%s</option>',
                        esc_attr($lang),
                        $selected,
                        esc_url(add_query_arg('switch_lang', $lang)),
                        $atts['show_flags'] ? '<span class="flag">' . $languages_data[$lang]['flag'] . '</span> ' : '',
                        $atts['show_names'] ? esc_html($languages_data[$lang]['name']) : ''
                    );
                }
            }
            $output .= '</select>';
            break;
            
        case 'buttons':
            $output .= '<div class="language-buttons">';
            foreach ($available_langs as $lang) {
                if (isset($languages_data[$lang])) {
                    $active_class = $lang === $current_lang ? 'active' : '';
                    $output .= sprintf(
                        '<a href="%s" class="language-button %s" data-lang="%s">%s%s</a>',
                        esc_url(add_query_arg('switch_lang', $lang)),
                        $active_class,
                        esc_attr($lang),
                        $atts['show_flags'] ? '<span class="flag">' . $languages_data[$lang]['flag'] . '</span> ' : '',
                        $atts['show_names'] ? esc_html($languages_data[$lang]['name']) : ''
                    );
                }
            }
            $output .= '</div>';
            break;
    }
    
    $output .= '</div>';
    
    // 添加JavaScript处理语言切换
    $output .= '
    <script>
    jQuery(document).ready(function($) {
        // 下拉菜单切换
        $(".language-selector").on("change", function() {
            var lang = $(this).val();
            window.location.href = $(this).find("option:selected").data("url");
        });
        
        // 按钮切换（AJAX方式，不刷新页面）
        $(".language-button").on("click", function(e) {
            if (!$(this).hasClass("active")) {
                e.preventDefault();
                var lang = $(this).data("lang");
                
                $.ajax({
                    url: "' . admin_url('admin-ajax.php') . '",
                    type: "POST",
                    data: {
                        action: "switch_language_ajax",
                        language: lang,
                        nonce: "' . wp_create_nonce('language_switch_nonce') . '"
                    },
                    success: function(response) {
                        if (response.success) {
                            location.reload();
                        }
                    }
                });
            }
        });
    });
    </script>';
    
    return $output;
}

// 8. AJAX语言切换处理
add_action('wp_ajax_switch_language_ajax', 'handle_language_switch_ajax');
add_action('wp_ajax_nopriv_switch_language_ajax', 'handle_language_switch_ajax');
function handle_language_switch_ajax() {
    // 验证nonce
    if (!wp_verify_nonce($_POST['nonce'], 'language_switch_nonce')) {
        wp_die('安全验证失败');
    }
    
    $language = sanitize_text_field($_POST['language']);
    
    if (set_current_language($language)) {
        wp_send_json_success(array(
            'message' => '语言切换成功',
            'language' => $language
        ));
    } else {
        wp_send_json_error('语言切换失败');
    }
}

// 9. 根据语言过滤内容
add_filter('the_content', 'filter_content_by_language', 10, 1);
add_filter('the_title', 'filter_title_by_language', 10, 2);
function filter_content_by_language($content) {
    if (is_admin() || !is_singular()) {
        return $content;
    }